With the aging of social population and the increase of chronic strain，the incidence of chronic osteoarticular diseases is on the rise，which has become an important factor affecting the health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people.The theory of “preventive treatment of disease” is the characteristic and essence of the academic thought of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is of great practical significance to combine the preventive idea with the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.The Department of Orthopedics of the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine which already have more than 30 years of clinical experience，concluded that the prevention and treatment of chronic osteoarticular diseases formed a complete three-level prevention and treatment system-“prevention before disease” triple prevention，“prevention from changes after diagnosis” to improve symptoms and delay degeneration，emphasizing timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent its change，and “postoperative rehabilitation” emphasizing guiding rehabilitation，prevention of complications，and adopting integrated Chinese and Western medicine prevention and treatment system to restore joint function and physical and mental health.This three-level system has important reference value for clinical prevention and treatment of chronic osteoarticular diseases.