Tongxieyao Formula is a classic prescription for the treatment of pain diarrhea.It has achieved remarkable effect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) in recent years.Basic research has gradually explored its mechanism of action in the treatment of UC from a microscopic perspective.The pharmacological mechanism of TXYF in the treatment of UC has been systematically studied by domestic and foreign scholars，and the mechanism of action of TXYF in the treatment of UC has been preliminarily elucidated.In this paper，relevant literature on the treatment of UC by TXYF in recent years were reviewed from the aspects of regulating immune function，repairing intestinal mucosal barrier，regulating gastrointestinal smooth muscle，and regulating the process of apoptosis，etc.in order to provide new ideas for further research.