Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction（HFpEF) accounts for about 50% of patients with heart failure,and its high morbidity and mortality have become one of the most challenging clinical syndromes.HFpEF is a complex clinical syndrome.The physiological and pathological mechanism is complex,there is no clear conclusion.Large-scale clinical investigation shows that conventional treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)can not reduce the morbidity and mortality of HFpEF patients.In this paper,the epidemiology,etiology,diagnosis,physiological mechanism and treatment of HFpEF were briefly reviewed and summarized,in order to provide research ideas for the basic and clinical research of the disease.