To observe the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Western medicine on lung function and peripheral blood cells of patients with tuberculous pleurisy.Methods:A total of 90 patients with tuberculous pleurisy admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine，the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2018 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，with 45 patients in each group.The control group was given conventional anti-tuberculosis and pleural puncture and drainage treatment，and the observation group was given Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on the basis of the control group.The total clinical response rate，pleural effusion flow，pleural effusion，time of chest pain disappearance，pleural thickness，percentage of vital capacity in estimated value(VC%pred)，estimated percentage of forced vital capacity(FVC% pred)，total lung volume in estimated value(TLC% preD)，peripheral blood dendritic cells(DENDRItic) were compared between 2 groups.The percentage of cells，DC cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and safety evaluation.Results:After treatment，the total effective rate in control group(66.67%) was lower than that in control group(91.11%)(P<0.05)，DC1/PBMC，DC2/PBMC and DC1/DC2 were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05)，and the control group was lower than the observation group(P<0.05).The discharge of pleural effusion in the control group was lower than that in the observation group(P<0.05)，and the disappearance time of pleural effusion and chest pain and pleural thickness in the control group were higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).VC% PRED，FVC% PRED and TLC% PRED in the control group were lower than those in the observation group(P<0.05)，and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Xuefu Yuyu Decoction combined with Western medicine can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of tuberculous pleurisy patients，promote pleural fluid absorption，reduce the risk of pleural hypertrophy，reduce the duration of chest pain，improve lung function，and regulate the level of DC cell subsets in the body.