In traditional Chinese medicine，the balance of yin and yang is the condition for the body to be in a “steady state”，while the imbalance of yin and yang will make the body in a “pathological state”.Modern medical research believes that immune homeostasis and immune balance are closely related to the body's “homeostasis”.If the immune function is out of balance，the related diseases will occur.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to immune imbalance，among which Th1/Th2 imbalance and Th17/Treg imbalance are 2 important groups.The imbalance of yin and yang could lead to the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in COPD，and then accelerates the disease progression.On the contrary，the imbalance of Yin and Yang in COPD may be caused by the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg.The author will discuss the research progress of traditional Chinese and Western medicine of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD，analyze the relationship between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD and the imbalance of yin and yang，and explore the treatment of COPD by combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine from a new perspective.