To explore the blood-tonifying effect of Angelica sinensis water extract and the influence on intestinal flora in mice with blood deficiency syndrome.Methods:The model of blood deficiency syndrome in mice was induced by simple bloodletting method.The blood-tonifying effect of A.sinensis water extract was evaluated by measuring the peripheral blood，thymus index，and erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+-ATPase activity of the mice.The content of cecum in mice was subjected to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(16S rDNA) sequencing by MiSeq to explore the effect of A.sinensis water extract on the structure of intestinal flora.Results:Compared with the model group，the number of peripheral blood red blood cells(RBC) and the number of white blood cells(WBC) from the female mice in the A.sinensis water extract group were significantly increased(P<0.05)，the thymus index had an upward trend，and Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly increased(P<0.01).A.sinensis water extract significantly increased the abundance of probiotics in the intestinal flora of mice，such as Lactobacillus，Muribaculaceae，and Alloprevotella.The correlation analysis showed that the number of RBC，WBC，hemoglobin(HGB)，and hematocrit(HCT) was significantly correlated with the abundance of various intestinal microbial communities.Conclusion:A.sinensis water extract has the blood-tonifying effect and regulates the intestinal flora of mice.