The pathological mechanisms of encephalopathy involving heart, heart disease involving brain, and brain-heart damage have become the hotspots of current research. The occurrence of cerebral ischemia affects cardiac functions by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cascade reaction, and disturbance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia aggravate the systemic inflammatory response, causing the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and thus resulting in brain damage. With the deepening of research, inflammatory response is considered to be an important link in brain and heart injury. Therefore, this paper summarized the research progress of inflammatory factors and the mechanism of Huoxue Huayu Prescription with reference to relevant literature in China and abroad, which provided reference for studying brain-heart theories and elucidating simultaneous treatment of brain and heart in traditional Chinese medicine.