To study the effects of Jiangniaosuan prescription on endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and endothelin(ET) in rats with hypoxanthine and adenine-induced uric acid(UA) nephropathy.Methods:Forty 8-week-old male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group，a model group，an allopurinol group，and a Jiangniaosuan prescription group，with 10 rats in each group.The normal group was given 2 ml/d acidified water by gavage twice a day.All groups were given hypoxanthine 1 500 mg/(kg·d) and adenine 100 mg/（kg·d) in the morning for 4 weeks except the normal group.The model group was given 2 mL/d acidified water by gavage in the afternoon for 4 weeks.The allopurinol group was given allopurinol(2.5 mg/100 g) by gavage in the afternoon.The Jiangniaosuan prescription group was given Jiangniaosuan prescription 1.6 g/（100 g·mL) by gavage in the afternoon.The rats were sacrificed after 4-week treatment，and the serum creatinine(Scr)，blood urea nitrogen(BUN)，and UA were detected.The renal function of rats was observed，and the renal endothelial lesion was measured by electron microscopy.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) of eNOS and ET.The expressions of eNOS and ET were detected by immunocytochemistry.Results:Compared with the normal group，the Scr，serum uric acid(SUA)，BUN，and UA of rats in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05)，and the cells of renal endothelium were severely damaged.The mRNA expression of eNOS in the kidney tissue was decreased(P<0.05)，and the mRNA expression of ET in the kidney tissue was increased(P<0.05).The results of immunocytochemistry showed that eNOS expression decreased，whereas ET-1 expression increased.Compared with the model group，the Scr，BUN，and UA of rats in the allopurinol group and the Jiangniaosuan prescription group were decreased(P<0.05)，and the renal endothelial function was improved.The mRNA expression of eNOS in the kidney tissue was increased(P<0.05)，and the mRNA expression of ET in the kidney tissue was decreased(P<0.05).The results of immunocytochemistry showed that eNOS expression increased，whereas ET-1 expression decreased.Conclusion:Jiangniaosuan prescription improved the endothelial function of rats with UA nephropathy by promoting the expression of eNOS gene and inhibiting the expression of ET gene，thus protecting the kidney.