This study predicted the targets of the active compounds of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(SGD) through network pharmacology，to explore the mechanism of SGD against uveitis.Moreover，the effectors interferon(IFN)-γ and interleukin(IL)-10 after T cell receptor signaling pathway-mediated T cell transformation were selected for the verification.Methods:The components and targets of SGD and the targets of uveitis were searched from databases.The component-target network，component-disease target network，and protein-protein interaction network were constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2.The key targets were screened by topological analysis，followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the targets with Cytoscape 3.7.2 plug-in ClueGO.Autoimmune uveitis was induced in rats through subcutaneous injection of the mixture of inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and complete Freund's adjuvant，and tubercle bacillus.The changes of retinal inflammation were detected based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and the content of IFN-γ and IL-10 in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:A total of 47 candidate components(35 from Radix Paeoniae Alba and 12 from Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata) of SGD，164 targets against uveitis，and 33 key targets were screened out.The key targets were mainly involved in the biological processes such as cell response to reactive oxygen species，proliferation and differentiation of various cells，metabolic regulation of nitric oxide and neurotransmitters，and cellular response of IL-6，and the pathways of IL-17 signaling pathway，tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathway，Th17 cell differentiation，T cell receptor signaling pathway，Toll-like receptor signaling pathway，phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway，etc.SGD can relieve retina inflammation，decrease inflammation score(P<0.01)，lower IFN-γ level，and raise IL-10 content(Ps<0.01)，which validated part of the prediction results of network pharmacology.Conclusion:SGD exerts therapeutic effect on uveitis through multiple important immune and inflammatory pathways，which can serve as a reference for exploring the mechanism.