This study aims to investigate the mechanism of Tianma Gouteng Granules against renal damage in hypertension rats with the pattern of ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang based on blood pressure，serum inflammatory factors，and kidney pathological sections.Methods:A total of 32 spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) were randomized into control group，model group，Tianma Gouteng Granules group(Chinese medicine group)，and nimodipine group(western medicine group)，8 in each group.Fuzi Decoction was used(i.g.) to induce the pattern of ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang in the model group，Chinese medicine group，and western medicine group，respectively，and then they were separately treated with distilled water，Tianma Gouteng Granules，and nimodipine for 14 days.Six normal SD rats were treated as blank group，and the blank group and control group were given(i.g.) distilled water for 42 days.Blood pressure was measured before and after intervention.Serum inflammatory factors nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein3(NLRP3)，apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC)，and caspase-1 were detected and renal pathological sections were observed after intervention.Results:The systolic blood pressure was reduced in the western medicine group after intervention(P<0.05)，and the variation in blood pressure after intervention was not significant in other groups(P>0.05).The serum levels of NLRP3，ASC，and caspase-1 in the control group，model group，and Chinese medicine group were higher than those in the blank group，and the levels in the Chinese medicine group were lower than those in the control group and the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group，the control group，model group，Chinese medicine group，and western medicine group all showed glomerular ischemic manifestations，glomerular shrinkage，partial glomerular fibrosis and hyaline degeneration，and tubular atrophy and disappearance，and these pathological changes were milder in the Chinese medicine and western medicine groups than in the control and model groups.Conclusion:Tianma Gouteng Granules can relieve the kidney damage in SHRs with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang possibly by inhibiting the synthesis of NLRP3 inflammasome.