Amomum villosum Lour.，the original plant of the famous medicinal Fructus Amomi Villosi in south China，has suffered from germplasm degradation，severe pests and diseases，sharp decline in yield，and poor quality in recent years，limiting the production of Fructus Amomi Villosi.This paper reviewed the factors affecting the yield and quality of A.villosum:origin，germplasm，cultivation(seedling breeding，planting pattern，shading，water and fertilizer，pollinators，pests，etc.)，harvesting，and primary processing.Then，we put forward suggestions for improving the yield and quality，hoping to provide a reference for efficient cultivation of A.villosum and sustainable development of Fructus Amomi Villosi.