To study the therapeutic effect of Baihu Jiaguizhi Decoction(BHJGZ) on the rats with hyperuricemic nephropathy(HN),and explore the underlying mechanism from renal tubular injury.Methods:Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly assigned into a normal group,a model group,an allopurinol group,and high-,medium-,and low-dose BHJGZ groups,with 10 rats in each group.The HN rat model was established by gavage of adenine combined with abdominal subcutaneous injection of potassium oxonate for 18 days.After modeling,the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage,and the other groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage for eight weeks.The body weight,activity,mental state,and coat color of the rats were measured and observed.Furthermore,the levels of serum uric acid(UA),serum urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),and 24 h urine total protein(24 h-UTP) were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining,and Masson staining were employed to observe the morphology of the kidney tissue,mesangial hyperplasia,and renal interstitial fibrosis in HN rats.Results:Compared with the model group,six weeks of treatment with BHJGZ increased the body weight and activity and improved the mental state and coat color of the rats(P<0.05).Further,the medium-dose BHJGZ reduced the Scr level(P<0.011),and the medium-and high-dose BHJGZ lowered the BUN level(P<0.01).All the doses of BHJGZ significantly reduced the levels of UA and 24 h-UTP,improved renal tissue morphology,and alleviated mesangial hyperplasia and renal interstitial fibersis in HN rats.Conclusion:BHJGZ may inhibit the expansion of glomerular mesangial matrix and reduce renal tubular damage and renal interstitial fibrosis to delay the progression of HN.