The development of modern traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) oncology in the past 60 years was reviewed.With the theoretical system of reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating root formed,the TCM oncology has been developed,and evidence-based research and basic research have made breakthroughs,hence new anti-tumor drugs appearing.On this basis,we innovatively applied the theory of ascending and descending of qi movement to the TCM oncology,and proposed the theory of regulating qi and removing toxin based on reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating root,which further elucidated the scientific connotation and extended the theory of the TCM oncology,and gave full play to the characteristics and advantages of modern TCM in tumor prevention and treatment.