Gastrodia elata,whose dried tuber is a Chinese medicine with both medicinal and health value,is a mycoheterotrophic herb,and its growth requires symbiosis with two kinds of fungi,i.e.,Mycena and Armillaria mellea.The G.elata-Mycena symbiotic system promotes seed germination in the early stage of symbiotic germination through molecular regulation,and breaks the dynamic balance of the symbiotic system with the infection of A.mellea in the late stage of symbiotic germination through defense reaction,creating conditions for the establishment of G.elata-A.mellea symbiotic system.In the stage of symbiosis between G.elata and A.mellea,the host stores nutrients and energy by regulating metabolism-related genes to ensure the formation of mature tuber.During the symbiotic period of G.elata and two fungi,the symbiotic efficiency of G.elata-fungi is improved and the dynamic balance of the symbiotic system is maintained through the establishment of signal transduction and material transport pathways.This study reviewed the distribution and species of wild germplasm as well as the current situation of new varieties of G.elata,and summarized the research on molecular mechanism of G.elata symbiosis with two fungi by using transcriptomics,proteomics,and other techniques in recent years from the macroscopic perspective.The germplasm resources and genetic information of G.elata were integrated so that the regulation mechanism of G.elata-fungus symbiosis system could be deeply explored on the basis of systematic utilization of existing genetic resources,which is expected to effectively guide variety breeding and genetic improvement,assist the continuous improvement and development of G.elata industry,and fully exploit the medicinal and economic value of G.elata.