With the improvement of economic level,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most important public health problems in China.At present,there is a lack of safe and efficient drugs for the treatment of NAFLD.According to the new treatment method,how crucial a role the brain plays in the development of NAFLD should be aware.In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),brain is the master of life and can control the five internal organs.Modern medicine has also discovered the important role of the brain-gut axis.Both the traditional practice of fasting and the modern research on the regulation of appetite center support the feasibility of brain-oriented regulation of the liver.Based on previous practice,this study proposed that the treatment of NAFLD should not be limited to the five internal organs,but more attention should be paid to the regulation of the brain in TCM.Brain serves as the origin,liver and spleen as superficiality,and phlegm,heat,and blood stasis as the manifestations.The regulation of mind can suppress appetite and promote exercise,thereby treating NAFLD.The theory of brain-liver therapy may be the key idea to solve the dilemma of NAFLD treatment in the future.