世界中医药

目的：通过建立“气阴两虚型胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱动物模型”，探索符合中医辨证特点且适用于保健食品功能评价的证候模型，以期为研发辅助降血糖辨证保健产品提供方法学参考。方法：选取45只雄性SD大鼠，根据基础血糖值分为空白组、模型组、阳性组[十味消渴胶囊1.32 g（kg·d），相当于人7.92 g/d]。采用力竭游泳、甲状腺素（T4）皮下注射、连续高脂饲料合并链脲佐菌素（STZ）注射复合因素造模。实验第一天开始给药，连续灌胃33 d。结果：模型组大鼠出现懒动无力、毛发枯黄、情绪躁动等气阴两虚的证候表证；饮水量、进食量、排尿量显著增加、体质量显著降低；空腹血糖（FBG）、血糖曲线下面积（AUC）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）显著升高，HOMA-β、胰岛素敏感指数（Insulin Sensitivity Index，ISI）显著降低，血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）显著升高，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）显著降低，三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、T4显著升高，环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）显著升高、环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）显著降低、cAMP/cGMP显著升高，力竭游泳时间显著降低，脾脏指数、胸腺指数显著降低。十味消渴胶囊能显著增加模型大鼠体质量，降低空腹血糖，改善糖耐量，延长力竭游泳时间，降低T3、T4的水平，降低cAMP/cGMP比值，改善胰岛素抵抗。结论：采用力竭游泳、T4注射、高脂喂养结合STZ注射复合因素建立“气阴两虚型胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱动物模型”，造模设计在思路和方法上符合中医基本理论，可以用于益气养阴类中药保健食品降血糖功能的评价。

English Summary:

To explore a syndrome model in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation and suitable for functional evaluation of health food by establishing an “insulin resistance with glucose and lipid metabolism disorder animal model with qi and yin deficiency”,aiming to provide a methodological reference for the development of syndrome differentiation-based auxiliary hypoglycemic health care products.Methods:Forty-five male SD rats were divided into a blank group,a model group,and a positive control group[Shiwei Xiaoke Capsules,1.32 g(kg·d),equivalent to 7.92 g/d for humans] according to the basic blood glucose level.The model was induced by exhaustive swimming exercise,thyroxine(T4) subcutaneous injection,and high-fat feeding combined with streptozotocin(STZ) injection.Drug intervention was carried out on the first day of the experiment,and the rats were administered by gavage for 33 days.Results:Compared with the rats in the blank group,those in the model group showed laziness,weakness,yellow and dry fur,agitation,and other manifestations of qi and yin deficiency,increased daily food intake,water consumption,and urine volume,decreased body weight,increased fasting blood glucose(FBG),area under curve of blood glucose(AUC),and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),decreased HOMA-β and insulin sensitivity index(ISI),elevated serum total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(TG),and low-density lipoprotein(LDL),declining high-density lipoprotein(HDL),up-regulated triiodothyronine(T3) and T4,increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),increased cAMP/cGMP ratio,prolonged exhaustive swimming time,and increased spleen index and thymus index.Shiwei Xiaoke Capsules could significantly increase the body weight of model rats,reduce FBG,improve glucose tolerance,prolong exhaustive swimming time,reduce T3 and T4 levels,reduce cAMP/cGMP ratio,and improve insulin resistance.Conclusion:In terms of modeling ideas and methods,the “insulin resistance with glucose and lipid metabolism disorder animal model with qi and yin deficiency” induced by exhaustive swimming exercise,T4 injection,and high-fat feeding combined with STZ injection is consistent with basic TCM theories,and can be used to evaluate the hypoglycemic function of Chinese medicinal health food effective in replenishing qi and nourishing yin.

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