To investigate the cognitive processing characteristics of viscera concepts in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) through the changes and differences of semantic information extracted from viscera images and anatomical images in different contexts.Methods:Experiment a and experiment b adopted picture-word matching paradigm and picture-word integration paradigm，respectively，to record the behavioral and EEG data of TCM students who performed viscera concept matching and viscera term integration processing.Results:There were significant differences in the N400 induced by the image presentation.The viscera images in experiment a were more negative in amplitude in the prefrontal and frontal regions(P<0.05)，and the anatomical images in experiment b were more negative in the anterior temporal region(P<0.01).Marked differences were observed in the late positive component(LPC) induced after the word presentation.In experiment a，the amplitudes of the viscera images in the prefrontal，frontal，frontal-central and central regions were more positive(P<0.05)，and in experiment b，the amplitudes of the viscera images in the left and right prefrontal and right frontal regions were more positive(P<0.05)，and the amplitudes of the anatomical images were more positive in the right parietal region(P<0.01).Conclusion:The difference in the processing of semantic information of images caused by familiarity is smaller，and the context of viscera terms has a more obvious inhibitory effect on the extraction of semantic information from anatomical images.Compared with viscera images，anatomical images have the advantage of integrating corresponding concepts.However，there is no corresponding representational relationship between the TCM viscera concepts and the two type of images，especially the anatomical images.TCM students lack corresponding mental images for the processing of viscera concepts，and the viscera concepts are more similar to abstract concepts.