To study the common syndrome types，medication characteristics，and prescription rules of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in Ming and Qing dynasties by using statistical analysis to guide clinical practice.Methods:The database of CKD-related medical records was constructed based on the medical records of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the frequency of prescriptions，symptoms，and syndrome elements.SPSS Modeler 14.0 was used for association rules and complex network analysis.SPSS Statistics 23.0 was used for system clustering and principal component analysis.Results:A total of 175 cases met the inclusion criteria，involving 233 drugs，115 symptoms，seven syndrome elements for disease location，and 16 syndrome elements for disease.There were 62 drugs with drug use frequency≥average frequency，and high-frequency drugs included Alismatis Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，Moutan Cortex，and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.In association rules，the minimum support and minimum confidence were set to 10% and 70%，respectively，to obtain 24 items of second-order association combinations.The minimum support and minimum confidence were set to 10% and 90%，respectively，to obtain 23 items of third-order association combinations.The core prescriptions of complex networks included Alismatis Rhizoma，Poria，Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，Dioscoreae Rhizoma，Corni Fructus，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Moutan Cortex.System clustering yielded 14 groups of drug clustering combinations，including Poria，Alismatis Rhizoma，Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，and Moutan Cortex.Principal component analysis extracted 22 common factors.Through frequency analysis，CKD location syndrome elements were mainly kidney and spleen; disease syndrome elements were mainly yin deficiency，qi deficiency，yang deficiency，dampness-heat，and water retention.Conclusion:CKD is dominated by the syndrome of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality.The pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency of the spleen and kidney，and the pathological products are dampness-heat，blood stasis，and water retention.The therapeutic principles are mainly tonifying the spleen and kidney，filling the essence，and consolidating the element，which are combined according to the concurrent syndromes and pathological products.