To compare the performance of different schemes of treating winter diseases in summer in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in patients with the syndrome of lung qi deficiency.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted，involving 1 584 patients with the syndrome of lung qi deficiency treated in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital from July 16 to August 25 in 2022.The patients were assigned into groups A(546 patients，Sanfu medicinal patch+modified Sijunzi Decoction plus Yupingfeng Powder)，B(261 patients，Sanfu medicinal patch+Yupingfeng Capsules)，C(251 patients，Sanfu medicinal patch+Qishen Buqi Capsules)，and D(526 patients，did not receive the scheme of treating winter diseases in summer).Face-to-face questionnaire interview and/or WeChat communication were employed to collect the demographic data of patients，Western medicine diagnosis conclusions，Western medicine disease indicators before the treatment of winter diseases in summer，the accepted scheme of treating winter diseases in summer，and laboratory indicators related to immune function before and after treatment of winter diseases in summer.Moreover，the respiratory infection，hospitalization，and death conditions from October 9，2022 to March 27，2023 were surveyed to evaluate whether different schemes of treating winter diseases in summer can reduce the risks of respiratory infections，hospitalization，and death.Results:The patients enrolled in this study included 269 patients with bronchial asthma and 1 315 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(384 patients of grade Ⅰ，505 patients of grade Ⅱ，and 426 patients of grade Ⅲ).Compared with group D，groups A，B，and C showed reduced risks of respiratory infections in winter.Specifically，the risk reduction was 17.1%(RR=0.175，95%CI 0.110 to 0.279，P=0.000) in group A，3.8%(RR=0.523，95%CI 0.284 to 0.963，P=0.035) in group B，and 22.1%(RR=0.134，95%CI 0.081 to 0.221，P=0.000) in group C.Groups A and C showed similar performance in risk reduction(P>0.05) and outperformed group B(P<0.05).Groups A，B，and C were superior to group D in terms of the hospitalization rate and inflammation indicators(P<0.05)，and groups A and C were superior to group B in terms of the inflammation indicators(P<0.05).Three patients experienced adverse reactions related to the Sanfu medicinal patch，with an incidence rate of 0.3%，and no patient presented the adverse reactions associated with the oral administration of decoctions or Chinese patient medicines.Conclusion:The combination of Sanfu medicinal patch and oral administration of Chinese medicines(especially modified Sijunzi Decoction plus Yupingfeng Powder，or Qishen Buqi Capsules) for treating winter diseases in summer can significantly reduce the risks of respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in patients with the syndrome of lung qi deficiency，being worthy of promotion in clinical practice.