To elucidate the intervention effects of Shugan Pingchuan Formula(SGPC) on the balance of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t(RORγt)/forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3) and helper T cell 17(Th17)/regulatory T cell(Treg) in asthmatic mice and its impact on the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway.Methods:An experimental animal model was established and mice were divided into a blank control group，an asthma model group，an SGPC group，and a dexamethasone group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)，interleukin-10(IL-10)，interleukin-17A(IL-17A)，and TGF-β1 in lung tissue homogenates.Flow cytometry was used to measure Th17/Treg cell counts in lung tissues.Western blot was performed to determine the protein expression of RORγt and Foxp3 in lung tissues.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1，Smad2，Smad3，and Smad7 in lung tissues.Results:SGPC could reduce the levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 in lung tissues of asthmatic mice，showing statistically significant differences compared with the dexamethasone group(both P<0.05).In terms of the regulation of IL-10 and IL-17A，the SGPC group was equivalent to the dexamethasone group(both P>0.05).In terms of Th17/Treg cell counts and the protein expression of RORγt and Foxp3，the SGPC group was comparable to the dexamethasone group(all P>0.05).Compared with the asthma model group，the SGPC group and the dexamethasone group showed decreased mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1，Smad2，and Smad3 and increased mRNA expression level of Smad7 in lung tissues(all P<0.05).Conclusion:SGPC exhibits comparable efficacy to dexamethasone in improving airway inflammation and achieves this effect by regulating the Th17/Treg immune balance in asthmatic mice through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.