To reveal the mechanism of modified Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pills(JWKSP) in the treatment of dementia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The components and targets of JWKSP were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM).Drugbank，DisGeNET，and Therapeutic Target Database(TTD) were used to screen the targets of dementia.The common targets shared by JWKSP and dementia were taken as the potential targets of JWKSP in treating dementia.In addition，Metascape was used for the Gene Ontology(GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the predicted targets.The JWKSP-herb-active component-target-pathway network was built in Cytoscape3.6.0.AutoDock 4.2.6 was used for molecular docking of active components with potential targets.The rat model of vascular dementia(VD) was replicated in vivo，and JWKSP was administered orally for 30 days.Morris water maze was used to examine the memory of VD rats.Immunohistochemistry was employed to measure the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the cerebral cortex.Results:A total of 88 active components corresponding to 80 potential targets of JWKSP in the treatment of dementia were screened out.The GO terms of the targets mainly involved biological processes(such as blood circulation，modulation of chemical synaptic transmission，and regulation of blood vessel diameter)，molecular functions(such as ammonium ion binding，catecholamine binding，and neurotransmitter binding)，and cell components(such as membrane microdomain).The results of KEGG enrichment showed JWKSP might exert anti-dementia effects via neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions，gap junctions，vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF)，and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that the JWKSP active components including quercetin，ursolic acid，and tanshinone ⅡA had strong binding affinity and stability with their corresponding targets albumin(ALB)，interleukin 6(IL-6)，and BDNF，respectively.The results of in vivo experiments showed that JWKSP prolonged the swimming time in the quadrant and up-regulated the expression level of BDNF in the cerebral cortex of VD rats.Conclusion:JWKSP regulates the cholinergic system，inhibits apoptosis，and reduces neuroinflammation and angiogenesis via neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and AMPK and VEGF signaling pathways to treat dementia.