世界中医药

先行梳理舌面脏腑分布理论的流变，后以概念隐喻理论为工具探寻医家不同舌诊理论的认知根源。文献梳理发现舌面脏腑分布理论随时代而变迁。如《伤寒指掌》言“四畔属脾”，《医医偶录》云“舌中主脾”，《医述》称“舌左属肝，舌右属肺”，现行《中医诊断学》教材谓“舌边主肝，舌尖主肺”等。不同的舌面脏腑分布理论是舌诊理论发展过程中的节点，是医家不同学术观点的体现，反映了医家对于舌诊认识的不断思考和完善。通过对不同时期舌面脏腑分布理论的考察，发现舌面脏腑分布理论的产生以隐喻认知为基础，方位映射在舌面脏腑分布理论形成过程中的作用至关重要，支撑舌诊理论的基础是医家的学术背景与医学经验。

English Summary:

This article first reviewed the theory evolution of viscera distribution in the surface of tongue and explored the cognitive origins of different tongue diagnosis theories by medical experts based on the conceptual metaphor theory.The literature review revealed that the theory of viscera distribution in the surface of tongue had undergone changes over time.For example，in Thorough Understanding of Cold Damage(Shang Han Zhi Zhang)，it is stated that “labial margin reflect the health of the spleen”，while in Yi Yi Ou Lu，it is mentioned that “the center of the tongue reflects the health of the spleen”，and in Yi Shu，it is described as “the left side and the right side of the tongue reflect the health of the liver and lungs，respectively”.In the current Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine，it is stated that “the sides of the tongue correspond to the liver，and the tip of the tongue corresponds to the lungs”.The different theories of viscera distribution in the surface of tongue represent different academic viewpoints and reflect the continuous thinking and improvement of medical experts regarding tongue diagnosis.Through an investigation of the theories of viscera distribution in the surface of tongue at different periods，it is found that the generation of these theories is based on metaphorical cognition，and the mapping of body locations onto the tongue plays a crucial role in the formation of these theories.The foundation supporting tongue diagnosis theory lies in the medical background and experiences of the medical experts.

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