Pain is an adverse emotional sensation accompanied by actual or potential pathological damage.It serves as a protective response and warning to harmful stimuli in the body.Since the World Health Organization first included it in disease classification，chronic pain has become not only a symptom but also a specific disease，demanding higher requirements for corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has extensive research on pain，but it lacks a strict differentiation between acute and chronic pain.Therefore，exploring and summarizing the understanding of chronic pain in TCM，identifying its pathogenic characteristics，and based on that，applying it in clinical practice，holds practical significance.Through the analysis of Professor ZHANG Junping's clinical treatment of chronic pain cases，the pathogenic characteristics of chronic pain were summarized as “disharmony of form-qi-spirit”.Specifically，it manifests as disharmony between qi and blood，form and spirit，and yin and yang.Based on the experience of managing chronic diseases with the principles of “emphasis on harmonization and correction”，three therapeutic methods and representative Chinese medicinal prescriptions were proposed：“regulating and supplementing qi and blood to achieve harmony”，“harmonizing yin and yang，balancing cold and heat”，and “regulating and calming the spirit with mindfulness intervention”.The treatment strategy of “combining movement and stillness，internal and external，and sequential treatment with dynamic intervention” was clarified，leading to significant clinical efficacy.