Aging is a degenerative change in various tissues and organ functions of the body that occurs with increasing age，and it is an inevitable law of any life process.In modern medical research on aging，the neuroendocrine system，especially the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG) axis，plays an important role in the theory of aging.Moxibustion，as an important method for health preservation，kidney tonification，and anti-aging，has unique advantages in regulating the neuroendocrine system.This article reviewed relevant literature on moxibustion treatment of age-related diseases in the past decade，focusing on the changes in the HPG axis during the aging process，and explored the modern material basis of moxibustion in tonifying the kidney and resisting aging，providing new ideas and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of age-related diseases using moxibustion.