To explore the therapeutic effect of the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment program on hypertension complicated with anxiety based on real-world data.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 180 patients with both hypertension and anxiety treated in the Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital.The patients were assigned into an observation group(n=101) and a control group(n=79).A total of 58 pairs of patients were matched by the propensity scoring method for concurrent cohort comparison.Both groups were treated with amlodipine besylate combined with escitalopram oxalate，and the observation group was additionally treated with Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation.The treatment lasted for 8 weeks and the blood pressure，Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) score，and TCM syndrome score were measured for the two groups.Results:The treatment effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment，there was no significant difference in the systolic blood pressure between the two groups(P>0.05)，while the difference in systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure and its difference，HAMA score and its difference，TCM syndrome score and its difference，and clinical efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome score had significant differences between the two groups(all P<0.05).After 6 and 8 weeks of treatment，the systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure，HAMA score，and TCM syndrome score decreased in both groups，and the differences were greater at the 8th week than at the 6th week(P<0.05).Conclusion:The TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment program demonstrates a significant therapeutic effect on hypertension complicated with anxiety.While lowering blood pressure，this therapy can relieve anxiety and TCM symptoms in a time-dependent manner.