With the increase of social pressure and the acceleration of the pace of life，the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year.Surgical resection，iodine-131 therapy and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) inhibition therapy are the main treatment methods.After basic western medicine treatment，there are often many uncomfortable symptoms，while traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment can effectively improve these symptoms.This paper analyzes the etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid cancer after operation.It starts from the physiological function of kidney，expounds the theoretical basis of postoperative treatment of thyroid cancer from the perspective of kidney function，and introduces its syndrome differentiation of symptoms and signs，treatment principles and modifications of herbal prescriptions，in order to provide a theoretical foundation for the TCM treatment of postoperative discomforts in thyroid cancer patients.