Compared with traditional randomized controlled trails(RCTs)，real-world study(RWS) is based on actual clinical research environments and utilize real clinical data to investigate “effectiveness”.It demonstrates better compatibility with the theoretical framework and clinical practice characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion.Guidelines such as the Declaration of Helsinki，Good Clinical Practice(GCP) regulations issued by national drug regulatory agencies，and the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH E6) provide guidance for controlling the quality of clinical research.RCTs produce high-quality clinical evidence through strict control of population，intervention，control，and outcomes.However，RWS，due to its open and non-blinded study design，is prone to bias during the research process.To improve the quality of real-world data(RWD)，it is necessary to analyze the factors in fluencing thequality of RWS from the perspective of study design. Quality control measures for RWS were discussed from three aspects: research eroperational standards，quality control based on participant-related risks，and outcome indicator quality control. Furthermore，to enhance the quality of RWD，produce real-world evidence(RWE) with high reliability，quality control measures for RWD were explored from four aspects: raw data collection management standards，preprocessing and quality control of raw data，scientific data quality assessment，and RWD verification. This study is expected to promote the application and development of RWS in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.