Drug pair，originating from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) classical formulas or empirical prescriptions，refers to a relatively fixed combination of two herbal drugs based on the principles of Chinese medicine compatibility.These combinations can be consistently applied and guide clinical practice，often enhancing efficacy or reducing toxicity through synergistic effects.Coicis Semen-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is a typical drug pair known for its heat-clearing and yin-nourishing properties.They complement each other and have shown significant effectiveness in treating diabetes characterized by yin deficiency and exuberant heat.The active components，such as timosaponin，Anemarrhena asphodeloides polysaccharides，mangiferin，and coixanfrom，have demonstrated beneficial effects on diabetes.This paper explored the compatibility characteristics of Coicis Semen-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma drug pair in treating diabetes from both TCM theory and modern pharmacological research and analyzed the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of the main active components，providing a theoretical foundation for the new drug development for diabetes.