To analyze the effect，safety，and influencing factors of Baduanjin exercise in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS).Methods:A prospective case-control design was adopted.Eighty-five patients with FMS were recruited to perform Baduanjin exercise for 12 weeks，and 35 FMS patients with similar general information including gender and age to those in the Baduanjin exercise group were recruited as the control group(without intervention).Both groups were observed for 12 weeks and evaluated at the 0 and 12th weeks.According to whether the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ) score improvement rate reached 14% or not，the patients in the Baduanjin exercise group were assigned into an effective group and an ineffective group.The multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore the influencing factors of the therapeutic effect of Baduanjin exercise on FMS.Results:A total of 73 patients in the Baduanjin exercise group and 31 patients in the control group completed the study.The Baduanjin exercise group outperformed the control group after 12 weeks in terms of the FIQ，Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)，Perceived Stress Scale(PSS)，and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) scores，as well as the role-physical，bodily pain，social functioning，mental health，physical summary，and mental summary scores of 36-item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression results suggested that marital status(OR=4 183.96，P<0.05)，work status(OR=48.38，P<0.05)，educational background(OR=96.67，P<0.05)，symptom severity score(OR=2.17，P<0.05)，and the body pain score of SF-36(OR=0.81，P<0.05) were independent factors affecting the therapeutic effect.Conclusion:Baduanjin exercise can alleviate the symptoms，reduce the physical pain and psychological stress，and improve the quality of sleep，quality of life，and physical function of FMS patients.The patients with none-divorce，retirement，high educational background may achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect after performing Baduanjin exercise.In addition，the severity of symptoms before treatment and bodily pain may serve as the factors for predicting the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise.