As an important part of the medical system，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has contributed to the understanding of the name，etiology，and pathogenesis of lung cancer from a traditional perspective and classic summaries.On the basis of clinical experience，modern and contemporary doctors have summarized common syndromes and improved the syndrome differentiation and classification system of lung cancer.From the perspective of modern medicine，this article links the TCM syndrome differentiation and classification of lung cancer with the modern disease system.From the perspective of experimental research and objective indicators，this article explores the correlations of lung cancer with TCM pathological factors such as toxin，phlegm，stasis，qi，and deficiency，aiming to reveal the internal differences between syndromes and enrich the modern TCM syndrome differentiation system.