To clarify the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM) syndrome characteristics of patients with influenza A in the Wangjing area during the spring of 2023.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 1 034 patients with influenza A who were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Wangjing Hospital，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，between February and March 2023.General conditions and TCM diagnostic information（observation，auscultation and olfaction，inquiry，and pulse diagnosis) were subjected to frequency statistical analysis.Factor analysis was used to extract the TCM syndrome elements of influenza A，and clustering methods were applied to summarize the main TCM syndromes and their distribution patterns.Results:Among the 1 034 patients，there were 539 males and 495 females，with a male-to-female ratio of 1.09:1.The average age was 32.62±12.95 years，with 878 patients（84.91%) aged 14 to 44 years and 156 patients（15.09%) aged 45 years or older.There was no statistically significant difference in gender distribution between the two age groups（P=0.355).The top five clinical symptoms were fever，cough，sore throat，generalized muscle aches，and headache.The tongue presentation was predominantly red with thin yellow or thin white greasy coating，and the pulse was mainly floating and rapid.The fever severity was higher in the 14 to 44 age group than the≥45 age group（P=0.018).Factor analysis identified the pathological factors of heat，external wind，dampness，and phlegm，with the disease location in the defensive exterior and the lungs，also involving the spleen and Shaoyang.Cluster analysis identified three main syndromes，i.e.，wind-heat attacking the defensive exterior（40.62%)，heat toxin attacking the lungs（35.98%)，and exterior cold with interior heat（23.40%).Conclusion:The TCM syndromes of influenza A in the Wangjing area during the spring of 2023 were primarily characterized by wind-heat attacking the defensive exterior，with the overall pathology being predominantly excess in nature and the disease location in the defensive exterior and lungs.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for optimizing future TCM treatment protocols for influenza.